PUNICALAGINS
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What Is PUNICALAGINS?
Punicalagins are hydrolyzable ellagitannins found abundantly in pomegranate juice and extracts, representing the primary bioactive polyphenols responsible for pomegranate's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. They are metabolized by gut microbiota into ellagic acid and urolithins, which exert various health benefits including cardiovascular protection, antiangiogenic effects in cancer, and neuroprotective properties. Punicalagins work primarily through modulating inflammatory pathways, reducing oxidative stress, and improving endothelial function.
PUNICALAGINS Research & Studies
01 Bioactive potential of punicalagin: A comprehensive review ▸
Comprehensive review demonstrating punicalagin's anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and cardioprotective properties through inhibition of inflammatory enzymes, triggering cancer cell apoptosis, and improving cardiovascular health by reducing oxidative stress and enhancing endothelial function.
View Study (PubMed)02 Antiangiogenic Potential of Pomegranate Extracts ▸
Review consolidating findings on pomegranate extracts' dual angiogenic effects, inhibiting pathological blood vessel formation in tumors while promoting beneficial angiogenesis in chronic wound healing through VEGF modulation and PPAR signaling pathways.
View Study (PubMed)03 Oral Supplement Containing Hydroxytyrosol and Punicalagin Improves Dyslipidemia in an Adult Population ▸
Randomized controlled trial showing punicalagin-containing supplement significantly reduced triglycerides in hypertriglyceridemic subjects and LDL cholesterol in those with elevated levels without co-adjuvant treatments.
View Study (PubMed)04 Polyphenol-enriched diet prevents coronary endothelial dysfunction by activating the Akt/eNOS pathway ▸
Study demonstrated that pomegranate extract supplementation (625mg/day providing 200mg punicalagins) prevented coronary endothelial dysfunction through activation of the Akt/eNOS pathway in a hypercholesterolemic pig model.
View Study (PubMed)05 The natural tannins oligomeric proanthocyanidins and punicalagin are potent inhibitors of infection by SARS-CoV-2 ▸
Preclinical study showing punicalagin as a potent inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 infection, demonstrating antiviral properties through interference with viral entry mechanisms.
View Study (PubMed)06 Prospective Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study of Oral Pomegranate Extract on Skin Wrinkles and the Gut-Skin Axis ▸
Clinical trial showing four weeks of standardized punicalagin-enriched pomegranate extract (250mg daily) improved skin wrinkles, facial biophysical properties, and modulated both skin and gut microbiome in healthy adults.
View Study (PubMed)07 Supplementing punicalagin reduces oxidative stress markers and restores angiogenic balance in pregnancy-induced hypertension ▸
Rat model study demonstrated punicalagin supplementation reduced oxidative stress markers and restored angiogenic balance, showing potential therapeutic benefits for pregnancy-induced hypertension.
View Study (PubMed)08 Safety assessment of pomegranate fruit extract: acute and subchronic toxicity studies ▸
Toxicology study found pomegranate extract standardized to 30% punicalagins had oral LD50 >5g/kg in rats with no adverse effects at doses up to 600mg/kg/day for 90 days, establishing strong safety profile.
View Study (PubMed)09 Crosstalk between dietary pomegranate and gut microbiota: evidence of health benefits ▸
Review describing bidirectional interaction where punicalagins serve as prebiotics to modulate gut microbiota composition while being transformed by microbiota into bioactive metabolites like ellagic acid and urolithins.
View Study (PubMed)PUNICALAGINS User Reviews & Experiences
*Based on large scale analysis of publicly available user experiences
Users report generally positive experiences with pomegranate extract and punicalagin-containing supplements, noting benefits for cardiovascular health, circulation, and overall wellness. The compound is viewed as safe with a long traditional use history, though standardization and quality control of commercial products remain concerns.
PUNICALAGINS Benefits, Dosage & Side Effects
- Cardiovascular Support: Users and studies report improved blood flow, circulation benefits, and positive effects on bladder health from pomegranate supplementation
- Antioxidant Activity: Significant reduction in oxidative stress markers with improvements in skin health, including reduced chicken skin and better hydration
- Metabolite Production: Gut bacteria convert punicalagins into urolithins and ellagic acid, with individual variation in metabolic capacity affecting outcomes
- Anti-inflammatory Action: Demonstrated reduction in inflammatory markers and enzymes across multiple disease models
- Dosage Response: Studies show effectiveness at 200-1000mg punicalagin daily, with clinical benefits observed at standardized doses of 250-625mg extract
- Individual Variation: Effectiveness depends partly on gut microbiome composition and ability to produce urolithin metabolites, with three distinct metabolome patterns identified
- Quality Issues: Major concern about commercial products - many pomegranate extracts lack actual punicalagins and are standardized to ellagic acid from cheaper sources
- Cardiovascular Benefits: Strong evidence for improving endothelial function, reducing triglycerides and LDL cholesterol in dyslipidemic individuals
- Standard Supplementation: 500-1000mg pomegranate extract daily, typically standardized to yield 100-200mg punicalagins or ellagic acid equivalent
- Clinical Doses: Studies used 200-625mg punicalagins daily with benefits observed at lower end of range
- Extract Forms: Users commonly take 500mg capsules once or twice daily, with preference for standardized extracts over generic products
- Long-term Use: Traditional use and 2+ year user reports suggest safety for extended supplementation without cycling required
- Generally Well-Tolerated: Toxicology studies and user reports indicate excellent safety profile with minimal side effects at recommended doses
- Digestive Effects: Some users may experience mild gastrointestinal effects, though rarely reported compared to other supplements
- Product Quality: Main concern is contamination or adulteration in commercial products rather than the compound itself
- No Major Concerns: Long-term traditional use in Middle Eastern cuisine and modern supplementation reports show no significant adverse effects
- Commercial Products: Widely available as pomegranate extract supplements, but quality varies significantly - many lack actual punicalagins despite labeling
- Standardization Issues: Most products standardized to ellagic acid content rather than punicalagins, allowing for cheaper source substitution
- Reputable Brands: Users mention quality brands and quality brands as reliable sources, with preference for products specifying punicalagin content rather than just ellagic acid
Related Compounds
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