MIF-1
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What Is MIF-1?
MIF-1 (Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone Release-Inhibiting Factor-1, Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2) is a naturally occurring tripeptide originally discovered as a hypothalamic hormone that acts on the brain rather than the pituitary. It functions as an endogenous opioid antagonist and modulates neurotransmitter systems including dopamine, norepinephrine, and GABA, demonstrating antidepressant, anti-stress, and neuromodulatory properties in both animal and clinical studies.
MIF-1 Research & Studies
01 From MIF-1 to endomorphin: the Tyr-MIF-1 family of peptides ▸
Comprehensive review establishing MIF-1 as the first hypothalamic peptide shown to act on the brain rather than the pituitary, demonstrating antiopiate activity and serving as a prototypic molecule for discovering endogenous opioid antagonists.
View Study (PubMed)02 MIF-1 is active in a chronic stress animal model of depression ▸
Low doses of MIF-1 (0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg) significantly increased activity and decreased stress-related behaviors in chronically stressed rats, demonstrating antidepressant effects comparable to imipramine in this depression model.
View Study (PubMed)03 Neurological effects of MIF-1, MSH, and opiate peptides in clinical studies ▸
Clinical research documenting the neurological and behavioral effects of MIF-1 in human subjects, establishing its relevance for neuropsychiatric applications.
View Study (PubMed)04 An extraordinary relationship involving MIF-1 and other peptides ▸
Retrospective review of collaborative clinical work showing MIF-1 was effective in treating human depression with greater efficacy and faster onset of action than traditional antidepressants available at the time of clinical trials.
View Study (PubMed)05 MIF-1: effects on norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin metabolism in certain discrete brain regions ▸
MIF-1 at 5 mg/kg increased striatal tyrosine hydroxylase activity by 25% and dopamine levels in multiple brain regions, demonstrating enhanced turnover of dopamine and norepinephrine neurotransmitter systems.
View Study (PubMed)06 MIF-1 and Tyr-MIF-1 augment GABA-stimulated benzodiazepine receptor binding ▸
Both MIF-1 and Tyr-MIF-1 significantly augmented GABA-stimulated benzodiazepine receptor binding at low doses, indicating interactions between peptide and GABA-benzodiazepine receptor systems relevant to anxiety modulation.
View Study (PubMed)07 Biphasic effects of MIF-1 and Tyr-MIF-1 on apomorphine-induced stereotypy in rats ▸
MIF-1 showed biphasic dose-dependent effects on dopamine-mediated behaviors, increasing responses at moderate doses but decreasing them at high doses, suggesting complex modulation of dopaminergic neurotransmission.
View Study (PubMed)08 Effects of melanostatine (MIF-1) on focal potentials in slices of rat brain cortex ▸
MIF-1 demonstrated activatory influence on CNS cellular activity, enhancing focal potential amplitudes and facilitating post-tetanic potentiation, supporting the neurophysiological basis for its antidepressant properties.
View Study (PubMed)MIF-1 User Reviews & Experiences
*Based on large scale analysis of publicly available user experiences
Limited user discussion with highly specialized interest focused on experimental melanin reduction and anhedonia treatment, with users expressing cautious optimism but uncertainty about efficacy and safety due to minimal real-world experience data.
MIF-1 Benefits, Dosage & Side Effects
- Antidepressant Activity: Clinical and animal studies demonstrate mood elevation and stress reduction comparable to tricyclic antidepressants, with faster onset of action
- Neurotransmitter Modulation: Enhances dopamine and norepinephrine turnover in key brain regions while modulating GABA-benzodiazepine receptor systems
- Opioid Antagonism: Acts as an endogenous opioid antagonist with selectivity for mu-opioid receptors, potentially reversing opioid-mediated effects
- Dose-Dependent Responses: Exhibits biphasic effects where low-to-moderate doses produce therapeutic benefits while high doses may reduce efficacy or produce opposite effects
- Depression Models: Effective at 0.1-1.0 mg/kg doses in chronic stress models with activity levels comparable to imipramine
- Inverted U-Shaped Curve: Clinical evidence shows increasing doses can result in decreasing therapeutic effects, requiring careful dose optimization
- Rapid Onset: Historical clinical trials reported faster onset of antidepressant action compared to traditional medications available at the time
- Regional Brain Specificity: Effects vary by brain region with notable activity in striatum, cortex, and olfactory areas but not uniformly across all regions
- Low Therapeutic Range: Animal studies suggest 0.1-1.0 mg/kg as optimal for antidepressant effects in chronic stress models
- Moderate Range Effects: 3-5 mg/kg doses show neurotransmitter modulation with increased dopamine turnover and tyrosine hydroxylase activity
- High Dose Concerns: Doses of 10 mg/kg associated with increased stress effects and hyperalgesia, suggesting therapeutic window limitations
- Biphasic Dosing: Evidence suggests careful titration needed as both very low and very high doses may be less effective than moderate ranges
- High Dose Effects: At 10 mg/kg, MIF-1 may increase stress responses and produce hyperalgesia rather than therapeutic benefits
- Regional Variability: Effects on neurotransmitter systems vary by brain region, potentially causing unpredictable responses in some individuals
- Opioid Interactions: As an opioid antagonist, may interfere with pain management or medications acting through opioid pathways
- Limited Safety Data: Minimal long-term human safety data available, with most evidence from animal studies or older clinical trials
- Research Status: Primarily discussed in experimental contexts with limited commercial availability as a supplement or therapeutic agent
- Peptide Synthesis: Can potentially be synthesized or ordered through research peptide sources, but quality and purity controls are uncertain
- Off-Label Interest: Small community interest for experimental uses including melanin reduction and treatment-resistant anhedonia, but without established protocols
Related Compounds
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