GLP-1
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What Is GLP-1?
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone derived from the intestine that stimulates insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner while suppressing glucagon release. It acts on the brain to increase satiety, delays gastric emptying, and is primarily used to treat type 2 diabetes and obesity through GLP-1 receptor agonists.
GLP-1 Research & Studies
01 GLP-1-based therapies for diabetes, obesity and beyond ▸
This review confirms GLP-1 therapies like semaglutide and tirzepatide are highly effective for glucose control and weight loss while reducing cardiovascular and renal mortality.
View Study (PubMed)02 Hypoglycemic effect of C. butyricum-pMTL007-GLP-1 engineered probiotics on type 2 diabetes mellitus ▸
Engineered probiotics designed to continuously deliver GLP-1 successfully lowered blood glucose, improved islet cell function, and restored gut microbiota in diabetic models.
View Study (PubMed)03 GDF8 and activin A blockade protects against GLP-1-induced muscle loss while enhancing fat loss ▸
GLP-1 receptor agonists can cause significant muscle loss as a side effect, but blocking myostatin and activin A can preserve muscle mass and optimize metabolic outcomes.
View Study (PubMed)04 2023 AHA/ACC/ACCP/ASPC/NLA/PCNA Guideline for the Management of Patients With Chronic Coronary Disease ▸
Clinical guidelines now formally recommend GLP-1 receptor agonists for patients with chronic coronary disease and type 2 diabetes to reduce major adverse cardiovascular events.
View Study (PubMed)05 The role of glucagon-like peptide-1 in reproduction: from physiology to therapeutic perspective ▸
GLP-1 RAs show potential in managing reproductive health disorders like PCOS by restoring menstrual frequency and improving metabolic health.
View Study (PubMed)06 GLP-1 rescued gestational diabetes mellitus-induced suppression of fetal thalamus development ▸
Animal models suggest GLP-1 may protect fetal neurological development, specifically correcting impaired thalamocortical axon growth caused by maternal diabetes.
View Study (PubMed)GLP-1 User Reviews & Experiences
*Based on large scale analysis of publicly available user experiences
Users report transformative weight loss and high effectiveness for glycemic control, though they frequently discuss managing gastrointestinal side effects and the risk of muscle mass reduction.
GLP-1 Benefits, Dosage & Side Effects
- Appetite Suppression: Users experience a significant reduction in 'food noise' and increased feelings of fullness.
- Glycemic Control: Proven to lower HbA1c and maintain stable blood sugar levels by inducing insulin secretion.
- Cardiovascular Protection: Clinical data indicates a reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in high-risk patients.
- Muscle Atrophy: Research and users note a potential loss of lean tissue alongside fat loss during rapid weight reduction.
- Rapid Weight Loss: Highly effective for obesity management, particularly when combined with lifestyle interventions.
- Chronic Management: Shows high long-term success for reversing prediabetes and managing type 2 diabetes.
- Metabolic Health: Effectively improves dyslipidemia and markers of inflammation like IL-6 and TNF-alpha.
- PCOS Regulation: Emerging utility in restoring menstrual cycles and managing insulin resistance in adolescents with PCOS.
- Titration Schedule: Commonly started at a low 'induction' dose (e.g., 0.25mg) to minimize nausea, increasing every 4 weeks.
- Short-acting vs Long-acting: Short-acting analogs may be used to specifically target postprandial glucose, while long-acting versions (weekly) are preferred for weight loss.
- Engineered Probiotics: Novel delivery methods via C. butyricum or L. gasseri are being researched to bypass daily injections.
- Nutraceutical Induction: 200mg daily of Eriocitrin has been shown to naturally increase endogenous GLP-1 levels by 17%.
- Gastrointestinal Distress: Nausea, vomiting, and constipation are the most frequently reported user side effects.
- Muscle Loss: Loss of muscle mass is a significant concern, often requiring high protein intake and resistance training to mitigate.
- Islet Cell Apoptosis: In diseased states, GLP-1 therapies help retard islet cell apoptosis, which is a positive secondary effect.
- Gallbladder Issues: Rapid weight loss associated with GLP-1 can increase the risk of gallbladder-related complications.
- Prescription Requirement: GLP-1 receptor agonists (Semaglutide, Tirzepatide) are strictly prescription-only medications.
- Supply Shortages: Significant global demand has led to frequent sourcing challenges and intermittent availability for patients.
Related Compounds
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