GLA
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What Is GLA?
Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) is an omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (18:3n-6) found naturally in evening primrose oil, borage oil, and black currant seed oil. It acts as a precursor to dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA) and can be converted to anti-inflammatory prostaglandins (PGE1), bypassing the rate-limiting delta-6-desaturase enzyme step. GLA is primarily used for inflammatory conditions, skin health, and hormonal balance.
GLA Research & Studies
01 Gamma-linolenic acid, Dihommo-gamma linolenic, Eicosanoids and Inflammatory Processes ▸
GLA supplementation bypasses the rate-limiting delta-6-desaturase step and is quickly elongated to DGLA, which can be converted to anti-inflammatory prostaglandins, making it useful for managing inflammatory processes.
View Study (PubMed)02 Co-supplementation of healthy women with fish oil and evening primrose oil increases plasma docosahexaenoic acid, gamma-linolenic acid and dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid levels without reducing arachidonic acid concentrations ▸
Combined fish oil and evening primrose oil supplementation effectively increases GLA and DGLA levels in healthy women without negatively impacting arachidonic acid concentrations.
View Study (PubMed)03 Effects of supplementation with fish oil-derived n-3 fatty acids and gamma-linolenic acid on circulating plasma lipids and fatty acid profiles in women ▸
GLA supplementation combined with fish oil demonstrates lipid-modifying and anti-inflammatory properties in women, with synergistic effects when used together.
View Study (PubMed)GLA User Reviews & Experiences
*Based on large scale analysis of publicly available user experiences
Users report GLA as a beneficial supplement, particularly when combined with fish oil, noting improvements in inflammatory conditions and hormonal balance. Most feedback emphasizes its value as part of a comprehensive supplement stack rather than as a standalone intervention.
GLA Benefits, Dosage & Side Effects
- Anti-inflammatory Action: Users report GLA helps reduce inflammatory symptoms, particularly when combined with omega-3 fatty acids
- Hormonal Support: Beneficial for menstrual discomfort and PMDD symptoms as noted in clinical contexts
- Skin Health: Supports barrier function and appearance of skin, though effects may take several weeks to manifest
- Synergistic Benefits: Works particularly well in combination with fish oil, enhancing overall omega fatty acid balance
- Combination Therapy: Most effective when combined with fish oil/omega-3s rather than used alone, as the two types of fatty acids work synergistically
- Individual Variation: Delta-6-desaturase activity varies among individuals, making GLA more beneficial for those with reduced enzyme activity due to aging, nutrient deficiency, or other factors
- Timeline: Effects on inflammation and skin health typically require consistent use over several weeks to months
- Dose-Response: Clinical studies suggest 125-500mg daily as effective doses, with higher amounts not necessarily providing additional benefits
- Standard Dose: 125-500mg daily appears to be the most commonly recommended range based on user reports and clinical data
- Source Considerations: Evening primrose oil (7-14% GLA), borage oil (20-27% GLA), and black currant oil (15-20% GLA) are primary sources with varying concentrations
- Timing: Can be taken at any time of day with food for better absorption, no specific timing requirements noted
- Stacking Protocol: Often combined with fish oil at ratios suggested by healthcare providers, typically alongside the omega-3 supplementation regimen
- Generally Well-Tolerated: Most users report minimal to no side effects when used at recommended doses
- Digestive Issues: Rare reports of mild gastrointestinal discomfort, particularly at higher doses or when first starting supplementation
- Interaction Concerns: May interact with blood thinners or medications affecting prostaglandin pathways
- Quality Considerations: Supplement quality and source matter; evening primrose, borage, and black currant oils have different GLA concentrations and additional medicinal properties
- Common Sources: Available as evening primrose oil, borage oil, black currant oil, and hemp seed oil supplements at most pharmacies and health stores
- Quality Variation: Users emphasize importance of choosing reputable brands with third-party testing for purity and GLA content
- Cost-Effective Option: Generally less expensive than fish oil supplements, making it an affordable addition to omega fatty acid supplementation protocols
Related Compounds
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