What is it?

ALTO-100 (previously NSI-189) is an oral drug being developed to treat major depressive disorder, bipolar depression, and PTSD by potentially enhancing brain cell growth and signaling, although its exact mechanism is unknown.


What does science research say?

The neurogenic compound, NSI-189 phosphate: a novel multi-domain treatment capable of pro-cognitive and antidepressant effects

Summary: The study explores NSI-189, a novel compound that stimulates brain cell growth and shows promise in treating depression and cognitive disorders. Early evidence suggests it may help alleviate symptoms of major depressive disorder and improve cognitive functions, but further research is needed to understand its full potential and how its effects might be interconnected.

Link: PubMed

Enhancement of synaptic plasticity and reversal of impairments in motor and cognitive functions in a mouse model of Angelman Syndrome by a small neurogenic molecule, NSI-189

Summary: NSI-189 Phosphate, a drug initially developed for treating major depressive disorder (MDD) due to its ability to stimulate neurogenesis, has shown promise in a small study for improving cognition. Recent research suggests it could also be a potential treatment for Angelman Syndrome, as it enhanced long-term potentiation and reversed cognitive and motor function impairments in mouse models.

Link: ScienceDirect

A phase 2, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of NSI-189 phosphate, a neurogenic compound, among outpatients with major depressive disorder

Summary: This study tested the effectiveness of NSI-189, a new treatment for major depressive disorder, and found that while it did not significantly reduce depression scores compared to a placebo, the 40 mg dose did improve some secondary measures like symptoms of depression and cognitive function. Both doses were well tolerated, suggesting that further research on the potential antidepressant and cognitive benefits of NSI-189 is warranted.

Link: Massachusetts General Hospital Clinical Trials Network and Institute

A Phase 1B, randomized, double blind, placebo controlled, multiple-dose escalation study of NSI-189 phosphate, a neurogenic compound, in depressed patients

Summary: In this early phase study, the compound NSI-189 was tested on patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and showed promising reductions in depressive and cognitive symptoms, with no serious adverse effects. However, the study’s main limitation was the small sample size in each cohort.

Link: Massachusetts General Hospital, Clinical Trials and Network Institute

The neurogenic compound, NSI-189 phosphate: a novel multi-domain treatment capable of pro-cognitive and antidepressant effects

Summary: This study explores a compound called NSI-189, which promotes the growth of new brain cells and has shown potential in easing depressive symptoms and improving cognitive function in adults with major depressive disorder. Researchers are cautiously optimistic about its benefits and suggest future studies to fully understand its effects on mood and cognition.

Link: Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto

NSI-189, a small molecule with neurogenic properties, exerts behavioral, and neurostructural benefits in stroke rats

Summary: This study tested a new drug called NSI-189, which is taken orally and has neurogenic properties, on rats that had suffered an ischemic stroke. Results showed that NSI-189 significantly improved motor and neurological function, promoted brain remodeling, and reduced cell death, suggesting it could be an effective stroke therapy for up to 24 weeks post-stroke.

Link: Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair

Enhancement of Mitochondrial Function by the Neurogenic Molecule NSI-189 Accompanies Reversal of Peripheral Neuropathy and Memory Impairment in a Rat Model of Type 2 Diabetes

Summary: This study examined the effects of a neurogenic compound, NSI-189, on mitochondrial function and neurological health in diabetic rats. The results showed that NSI-189 improved mitochondrial activities and ameliorated both central and peripheral neurological dysfunction, indicating its potential as a therapeutic option for conditions like diabetic neuropathy.

Link: University of California San Diego, Department of Pathology


What do user think?
Overall sentiment*

*Based on large scale analysis of publicly available user experiences, the higher it is the better overall opinions of users on efficiency, safety, availability, etc.

Category: Mixed

NSI-189 receives mixed feedback; while some users report significant improvements in mood, cognition, and lasting benefits, others experience serious side effects such as mania, anxiety, and persistent sleep disturbances, indicating no clear consensus on its effectiveness.


Main insights

Effects

  • Mood and Emotional Regulation: Many users report improved mood, reduced feelings of depression, and better emotional regulation while using NSI-189.
  • Cognitive Enhancement: Users often experience enhanced cognitive functions, including improved memory, increased creativity, and better focus.
  • Motivation and Energy: Some individuals notice increased motivation and energy levels, leading to greater productivity and engagement in activities.
  • Emotional Intensity: A number of users report amplified emotional responses, which can result in intense feelings that are sometimes difficult to manage.

Effectiveness

  • Variable Outcomes: The effectiveness of NSI-189 varies widely among users; some find significant positive effects on mood and cognition, while others notice minimal benefits.
  • Prolonged Use Benefits: Several users report that benefits become more pronounced over time with continued use, and some effects may persist even after discontinuation.

Dosage & Administration

  • Common Dosages: Typical dosages range from 10 mg to 40 mg per day, with some users starting at higher doses and reducing due to increased sensitivity.
  • Methods of Administration: NSI-189 is usually taken orally in the phosphate form; some users prefer sublingual administration of the freebase form for potentially better absorption.
  • Duration of Use: The duration varies widely, from short-term cycles of one month to prolonged daily use over several months.

    Side Effects

    • Common Side Effects: Reported side effects include anxiety, headaches, insomnia, emotional instability, and heightened sensitivity to stress.
    • Serious Adverse Effects: Less frequently, users have experienced serious side effects such as manic episodes, psychosis, and severe emotional disturbances.
    • Dose Dependency: Side effects may be more pronounced at higher doses and can sometimes persist after stopping use; adjusting the dosage or discontinuing the supplement may alleviate them.

    Availability & Sourcing

    • Accessibility Challenges: NSI-189 is available through research chemical suppliers but can be difficult to obtain due to legal restrictions and customs regulations.
    • Concerns About Quality: Users express concerns about product purity and the legitimacy of sources, often exchanging supplier information privately to find reputable providers.
    • Regulatory Uncertainty: Availability may be inconsistent as some suppliers discontinue sales due to regulatory issues, emphasizing the need for caution when purchasing.

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      Disclaimer
      The information on this website is provided for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. The products discussed are not approved for human use unless explicitly stated. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before using any supplements, medications, or research compounds. We do not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or reliability of the information presented. Use at your own risk.